The ability to understand others' emotional state based on their tone of voice (vocal emotional prosody) develops throughout adolescence. Does neural activation to vocal prosody also change with age during the teenage years? We asked 8 to 19 year-old youth to complete a vocal emotion recognition task, in which they had to identify speakers' intended emotion based on their prosody, while in the MRI scanner. Age was associated with greater functional activation in regions of the frontal lobe often associated with language processing and emotional categorization. Further, age was linked to greater structural and functional connectivity between these frontal regions and the temporal-parietal junction, an area crucial for social cognition. These maturational changes were associated with greater accuracy in identifying the intended emotion in others' voices, suggesting that these neurodevelopmental processes may be supporting the growth of vocal emotion recognition skills during adolescence.